arch.univariate.HARCH

class arch.univariate.HARCH(lags: int | Sequence[int] = 1)[source]

Heterogeneous ARCH process

Parameters:
lags: int | Sequence[int] = 1

List of lags to include in the model, or if scalar, includes all lags up the value

Examples

>>> from arch.univariate import HARCH

Lag-1 HARCH, which is identical to an ARCH(1)

>>> harch = HARCH()

More useful and realistic lag lengths

>>> harch = HARCH(lags=[1, 5, 22])

Notes

In a Heterogeneous ARCH process, variance dynamics are

\[\sigma_{t}^{2}=\omega + \sum_{i=1}^{m}\alpha_{l_{i}} \left(l_{i}^{-1}\sum_{j=1}^{l_{i}}\epsilon_{t-j}^{2}\right)\]

In the common case where lags=[1,5,22], the model is

\[\sigma_{t}^{2}=\omega+\alpha_{1}\epsilon_{t-1}^{2} +\alpha_{5} \left(\frac{1}{5}\sum_{j=1}^{5}\epsilon_{t-j}^{2}\right) +\alpha_{22} \left(\frac{1}{22}\sum_{j=1}^{22}\epsilon_{t-j}^{2}\right)\]

A HARCH process is a special case of an ARCH process where parameters in the more general ARCH process have been restricted.

Methods

backcast(resids)

Construct values for backcasting to start the recursion

backcast_transform(backcast)

Transformation to apply to user-provided backcast values

bounds(resids)

Returns bounds for parameters

compute_variance(parameters, resids, sigma2, ...)

Compute the variance for the ARCH model

constraints()

Construct parameter constraints arrays for parameter estimation

forecast(parameters, resids, backcast, ...)

Forecast volatility from the model

parameter_names()

Names of model parameters

simulate(parameters, nobs, rng[, burn, ...])

Simulate data from the model

starting_values(resids)

Returns starting values for the ARCH model

update(index, parameters, resids, sigma2, ...)

Compute the variance for a single observation

variance_bounds(resids[, power])

Construct loose bounds for conditional variances.

Properties

name

The name of the volatility process

num_params

The number of parameters in the model

start

Index to use to start variance subarray selection

stop

Index to use to stop variance subarray selection

updateable

Flag indicating that the volatility process supports update

volatility_updater

Get the volatility updater associated with the volatility process