arch.univariate.ConstantMean

class arch.univariate.ConstantMean(y: ndarray | DataFrame | Series | None = None, hold_back: int | None = None, volatility: VolatilityProcess | None = None, distribution: Distribution | None = None, rescale: bool | None = None)[source]

Constant mean model estimation and simulation.

Parameters:
y: ndarray | DataFrame | Series | None = None

nobs element vector containing the dependent variable

hold_back: int | None = None

Number of observations at the start of the sample to exclude when estimating model parameters. Used when comparing models with different lag lengths to estimate on the common sample.

volatility: VolatilityProcess | None = None

Volatility process to use in the model

distribution: Distribution | None = None

Error distribution to use in the model

rescale: bool | None = None

Flag indicating whether to automatically rescale data if the scale of the data is likely to produce convergence issues when estimating model parameters. If False, the model is estimated on the data without transformation. If True, than y is rescaled and the new scale is reported in the estimation results.

Examples

>>> import numpy as np
>>> from arch.univariate import ConstantMean
>>> y = np.random.randn(100)
>>> cm = ConstantMean(y)
>>> res = cm.fit()

Notes

The constant mean model is described by

\[y_t = \mu + \epsilon_t\]

Methods

bounds()

Construct bounds for parameters to use in non-linear optimization

compute_param_cov(params[, backcast, robust])

Computes parameter covariances using numerical derivatives.

constraints()

Construct linear constraint arrays for use in non-linear optimization

fit([update_freq, disp, starting_values, ...])

Estimate model parameters

fix(params[, first_obs, last_obs])

Allows an ARCHModelFixedResult to be constructed from fixed parameters.

forecast(params[, horizon, start, align, ...])

Construct forecasts from estimated model

parameter_names()

List of parameters names

resids(params[, y, regressors])

Compute model residuals

simulate(params, nobs[, burn, ...])

Simulated data from a constant mean model

starting_values()

Returns starting values for the mean model, often the same as the values returned from fit

Properties

distribution

Set or gets the error distribution

name

The name of the model.

num_params

Returns the number of parameters

volatility

Set or gets the volatility process

x

Gets the value of the exogenous regressors in the model

y

Returns the dependent variable