arch.univariate.ZeroMean¶

class arch.univariate.ZeroMean(y: ndarray | DataFrame | Series | None = None, hold_back: int | None = None, volatility: VolatilityProcess | None = None, distribution: Distribution | None = None, rescale: bool | None = None)[source]¶

Model with zero conditional mean estimation and simulation

Parameters:¶

y: ndarray | DataFrame | Series | None = None¶

nobs element vector containing the dependent variable

hold_back: int | None = None¶

Number of observations at the start of the sample to exclude when estimating model parameters. Used when comparing models with different lag lengths to estimate on the common sample.

volatility: VolatilityProcess | None = None¶

Volatility process to use in the model

distribution: Distribution | None = None¶

Error distribution to use in the model

rescale: bool | None = None¶

Flag indicating whether to automatically rescale data if the scale of the data is likely to produce convergence issues when estimating model parameters. If False, the model is estimated on the data without transformation. If True, then y is rescaled and the new scale is reported in the estimation results.

Examples

>>> import numpy as np
>>> from arch.univariate import ZeroMean
>>> y = np.random.randn(100)
>>> zm = ZeroMean(y)
>>> res = zm.fit()

Notes

The zero mean model is described by

\[y_t = \epsilon_t\]

Methods

bounds()	Construct bounds for parameters to use in non-linear optimization
compute_param_cov(params[, backcast, robust])	Computes parameter covariances using numerical derivatives.
constraints()	Construct linear constraint arrays for use in non-linear optimization
fit([update_freq, disp, starting_values, ...])	Estimate model parameters
fix(params[, first_obs, last_obs])	Allows an ARCHModelFixedResult to be constructed from fixed parameters.
forecast(params[, horizon, start, align, ...])	Construct forecasts from estimated model
parameter_names()	List of parameters names
resids(params[, y, regressors])	Compute model residuals
simulate(params, nobs[, burn, ...])	Simulated data from a zero mean model
starting_values()	Returns starting values for the mean model, often the same as the values returned from fit

Properties

distribution	Set or gets the error distribution
name	The name of the model.
num_params	Returns the number of parameters
volatility	Set or gets the volatility process
x	Gets the value of the exogenous regressors in the model
y	Returns the dependent variable